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Although Hesse was born in Germany's Black Forest region of Swabia , his father's celebrated heritage as a Baltic German and his grandmother's French-Swiss roots had an intellectual influence on him. He was a precocious, if not difficult child, who shared a passion for poetry and music with his mother, and was especially well-read and cultured, due in part to the influence of his polyglot grandfather.

As a youth he studied briefly at a seminary, struggled with bouts of depression and even once attempted suicide, which temporarily landed him in a sanatorium. Hesse eventually completed Gymnasium and passed his examinations in , when his formal education ended. His first works of poetry and prose were being published in the s and early s with his first novel, Peter Camenzind , appearing in His interest in Eastern religious, spiritual, and philosophical traditions, combined with his involvement with Jungian analysis, helped to shape his literary work.

His best-known works include: Demian , Steppenwolf , Siddhartha , Narcissus and Goldmund , and The Glass Bead Game , each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity , self-knowledge, and spirituality.

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In , he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. His grandparents served in India at a mission under the auspices of the Basel Mission , a Protestant Christian missionary society. His grandfather Hermann Gundert compiled a Malayalam grammar and a Malayalam-English dictionary, and also contributed to a translation of the Bible into Malayalam in South India.

In describing her own childhood, she said, "A happy child I was not As was usual among missionaries at the time, she was left behind in Europe at the age of four when her parents returned to India. In , the Hesse family moved to Calw, where Johannes worked for Calwer Verlagsverein, a publishing house specializing in theological texts and schoolbooks.

Marie's father, Hermann Gundert also the namesake of his grandson , managed the publishing house at the time, and Johannes Hesse succeeded him in Hesse grew up in a Swabian Pietist household, with the Pietist tendency to insulate believers into small, deeply thoughtful groups.